Key Features of Complex Real-World Problems

• These problems are intrinsically complex.
• They are multiform in character.
• They are deeply interconnected.

Limitations of Current Scientific Approaches

• The current approach of fragmentation and decomposition is ineffective in solving these problems.

Transdisciplinary Framework and Modeling Approach

• Transdisciplinary approaches involve crossing disciplinary boundaries and integrating knowledge from different disciplines.
• Meta language is important for communication and collaboration between participants from different disciplines.

RISKOC Framework for Developing Transdisciplinary Solutions

• Responsible research and innovation
• Inclusive development
• Everlasting or sustainable solutions
• Knowledge integration
• Open science and open innovation
• Collaboration

Approach for Developing Transdisciplinary Solutions

• Understand the concerns of solution users.
• Present solutions in a way that can be communicated with all participating partners.
• Use a modeling approach to understand the goals, needs, and processes involved in developing the solution.